When the knowledge of these disciplines is integrated, it can provide ways and methods to build fluid flow models. 2019).ĬFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) technology involves many disciplines such as computer science, physics, fluid mechanics, numerical calculation and visualization technology. From a micro perspective, the magnetic field increases the number of water molecules participating in hydration and the radius of the dynamic hydration layer in salt solution ( Gu et al. In addition, under different magnetic field strengths, the ratio of calcite, aragonite and vaterite will change, and the ratio of aragonite will reach its peak under the best conditions ( Silva et al. The magnetic field can increase the number of hydrogen bonds, thus inhibiting the formation of calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate precipitates. The results of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) showed that the number of hydrogen bonds between water molecules and hydrated ions increased. Furthermore, it has been found by experiments that the sulfate scale after magnetic treatment will produce relatively small particles and more stable dispersion, and the kinematic viscosity of 0.5 M Ba(NO 3) 2, 0.5 M Sr(NO 3) 2 and 0.5 M Ca(NO 3) 2 solutions after magnetic treatment is higher than that of untreated solutions ( Jiang et al. Previous studies have found that the anti-scaling efficiency of permanent magnets on hard water scaling ability is about 45% ( Mahmoud et al. The magnetic field has an impact on the salt solution. In addition, the simulation results were verified by the membrane specific flux experiment, and consistent conclusions were obtained. The simulation results show that the magnetic field improves the water flow velocity in the device to a certain extent, reduces the volume fraction of pollutant particles on the membrane surface, and then reduces the possibility of forming a thicker filter cake layer, which is beneficial to slow down membrane fouling and thus slow down the reduction rate of membrane flux. The influence of magnetic field on fluid flow and inorganic pollutant distribution in an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane device were investigated. In this study, COMSOL Multiphysics realizes the coupling of magnetic field and flow field by adding the magnetic field force formula in the fluid module. Magnetization technology has the advantages of being green, pollution-free and energy saving, and it has broad potential applications in water treatment. Results obtained in this study can assist in improving the cost-effectiveness of the UF process of 1,3-PD fermentation broths.Membrane fouling will affect the performance of the membrane, resulting in the increase of filtration cost and reduced membrane life. Finally, the resistance-in-series model was applied to describe resistances that cause flux decline. An effective and simple method of membrane cleaning was presented. It has been shown that in terms of process efficiency, the most favorable pH of the broths is equal to 9.4. It has been demonstrated that for fine UF, increasing the TMP is beneficial, and TMP equal to 0.4 MPa and Q of 400 dm 3/h ensure the highest flux and its long-term stability. Moreover, the impact of the feed pH, in the range from 5 to 10, on the flux was investigated. The series of UF experiments under transmembrane pressure (TMP) from 0.1 to 0.4 MPa and feed flow rate (Q) from 200 to 400 dm 3/h were performed. Special attention was paid to the impact of the operational parameters on the membrane performance. It has been demonstrated that the membrane used provides obtaining a high-quality, sterile permeate, which can be sequentially separated by other processes such as nanofiltration (NF) and membrane distillation (MD). This work examined the use of a ceramic fine ultrafiltration (UF) membrane for the pre-treatment of 1,3-propanodiol (1,3-PD) fermentation broths.
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